Wednesday 29 July 2015

NLC - Buchla Style - Low Pass Gate (LPG) Build notes.

These are the build notes for the NLC (NonLinearCircuits) version of one of the classic filters of all time: the Buchla 292.
The 292 configuration consisted of 4 filters with CV control & a 3 pole toggle switch for each filter.
The  toggle switch allowed you to alternate between 3 modes: LowPass, Combination & Gate.
Gate is Buchla's name for a VCA.

Buchla still produce this filter in two forms: The 292h & the 292e (which goes by the grand title of  "Quad Dynamics Manager").

The 292e is the centre module. Notice that the toggle switches have been replaced with buttons.
 It has also gained velocity control & preset storage but is mostly the same as the earlier 292.

Here are some pics of the virgin NonLinearCircuit PCB & panel:

Andrew's build notes are here:
http://www.sdiy.org/pinky/data/WAMOD4%20lpg.pdf

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Useful Links:
1. CGS - Ken Stone's LPG
2. Buchla Tech - Verbos's excellent blog - 292c Secrets with schematics
3. Synth.NL.Blog - 292 5U build notes
4. Modular Synthesis - Build notes for Thomas White's LPG clone.
5. Doepfer A-101-2 LPG filter
6. Natural Rhythm Music - Thomas White 

The LPF filter design is a variation of the Sallen Key. Ever since professors R.P. Sallen and E.L. Key described it in 1955, the Sallen-Key low-pass filter has become one of the most widely used filters in electronic systems.
It's another form of what is known as a voltage-controlled voltage-source (VCVS) filter used to
implement a 2-pole (12 dB/octave) response.

Most VCVS use unity-gain operational amplifiers where the output voltage is the same as the input voltage.... At first glance this seems useless but the advantage is that they don't take current from the input source.
The input & output sides are in effect isolated.

The controlling element for frequency (in LP mode) and amplitude (in VCA mode) is the vactrol.
Basically a LED & photoresistor packaged in a light tight box. I reckon this is a really neat way to get voltage control over a variable resistor.

Andrew suggests experimenting with different types of vactrols. He has been using Silonex with good results. The NLC PCB is designed for a dual vactrol. Some of my earlier Buchla builds (eg the 208) use dual vactrols like the VTL5C3/2, and I have a few spare. So I'll probably use these first. Dual vactrols are actually two photo-resistors and a LED in the one package ....which is perfect as they sit in where R1 & R2 go. I might later experiment by using two single vactrols or even make my own vactrols if I feel like the challenge. There are lots of ways to tinker with this beautiful circuit.

Install IC headers & the Euro power connector first.
Then resistors & caps.
These 2 resistors (marked with and asterix) can be altered to suit your taste.
The caps marked 472 & 221 are 4.7nF & 220pF respectively..
I think MCCs (monolithic ceramic caps) are fine, others might insist on polys.

The 33k can be varied up to 51K .... It sets the Cv level.
I left it at 33k.
The 10K sets the gain of the output signal.

The switch must be mounted as close as possible to the PCB & watch the orientation (it's up/down, not left/right).


Sounds quite good ..esp the LP filter.
I reckon varying the CV level resistor is a good idea. The frequency pot is very responsive at the upper levels (8-10) , but volume drops away quite quickly below this.
I experimented with audio(log) vs linear pots and think a log frequency pot sounds better. (just my humble opinion).
I'll probably change that resistor to 51k.


It's done for now.


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Sunday 26 July 2015

Scanimate Matrix Switch Panels

I am lucky today to have finally received two remnants of the venerable Scanimate machine.
It's part of a early analog computer that was used in animation.
From what I've read, there were only 8 made.

The Scanimate was invented by Lee Harrison III, founder of Computer Image, in Denver, Colorado in 1969. This system was used to help create the Scanimate Films, in combination with Jim Henson's puppeteering.

I understand that these cane from two that were housed at Image West in Hollywood

This is a big part of animation history.
Scanimates were used extensively on TV & film in the 70's & 80's. If you ever saw Sesame St, Willie Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, or The Electric Company, then you saw Scanimates in action.

I don't have the whole machine. Apparently this was destroyed and only some parts were saved from "a container" on it's way to China.

But what is left are two gems.

Each case has a 8 panel patch matrix with 19 potentiometers.
The patch matrix is the same type used by ARP for the 2500 synthesizer.
Which is the original reason I bought this.
The Cherry Sliders switches are extremely hard to find.

The "Commutator" & "Axis" refer to this section of the Scanimate.
Final position, Initial position & size - refer to fig 6, above


"The Animation Aid Panel from the Scanimate. It appears to connect to the cherry switches. Notice the Patch Panel 122, a potentiometer section 123 and an oscillator control section 124.

The oscillator control section 124 includes two high frequency oscillators, numbers one and two, and three low frequency oscillators, numbers three through five. The two high frequency oscillators, approximately 90 KHz, are provided for raster bending. High frequency oscillator number one has a frequency adjustment potentiometer 125 and an amplitude adjustment potentiometer 126 for defining those parameters of the wave form. This oscillator can be phase locked." (US Patient doc)


     Links
1. Wickipedia
2.  Dave Seg's excellent Scanimate site
3.  Scanimate - Facebook Page
4.  Create Digital Motion
5.  AudioVisalizers
6.  Nick Campbell
7.  Scanimate.com
8. US Patient documents.

Saturday 25 July 2015

Where to find components for your projects - Shopping Carts

One of the most tedious tasks when module building is sourcing components.
Months later you've forgotten where you bought that SMD resistor, or the 9mm PCB mounted pot.
So to keep frustration levels as low as possible, here is a list of where to begin the search.

I'll try to keep this page updated with manufacturer links.
Please contact me if you have some better sources.
Cheers, happy hunting,
Jono

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Resistors
SMD (Mouser)
SMD chip (Tayda)
Through Hole (Mouser)
1/4W carbon through hole (Tayda)
General fixed value -- SMD & Through hole (Element14)

Capacitors
Ceramic Disc (Mouser)
Ceramic Disc (Tayda)
Film (Mouser) 
Polyester Mylar Film (Tayda)
Tantalum  (Mouser) 
Electrolytic (Mouser)
Electrolytic (Tayda)
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors MLCC - SMD/SMT (Mouser)
SMD ceramic chip (Tayda)
General Caps (Element14)

Capacitor Conversion Chart

Potentiometers
General (Mouser)
General (Tayda)
Sliders (great for your ARP 2600, etc)- (Mouser)
Trimmers - SMD - (Mouser)
Trimmer - Through Hole  (Mouser)
Linear Through Hole (Tayda)
Log Through Hole (Tayda)
General Pots (Element14)
General pots (Mammoth)

Semi-Conductors
Op-Amps (Mouser)
Op-Amps (Tayda)
IC (general)  (Mouser)
IC - CMOS 4000 Series (Tadya)
Diodes, Rectifiers, etc (Mouser)
Diodes - Standard (Tayda)
Diodes - Zener (Tayda)
Transistors (Mouser)
Tramsistors - General (Tayda)
Tramsistors - 2N series (Tayda)
Tramsistors - BC series (Tayda)
LEDs - Standard - Through hole. (Mouser)
LEDs (Tayda)

Lamps (incandesent lamps)
General - (Element14)

Phone connectors / Jacks
General  (Mouser)  
Buchla Tiny Jacks (Mouser)
3.5mm plugs & jacks (Tayda)
6.35mm - 1/4" plugs & jacks (Tayda)
Banana Jacks for your Serge & Buchla - Cinch & Pomona (Mouser)

Power connectors:  Buchla EDAC 587-306-50-010 (Mouser)  
Power Supplies: Linear (Mouser) 
DC power sockets & jacks (Tayda)
DC/DC converters (isolated) (Mouser)

Switches
Toggle (Mouser)
Toggle (Tayda)
Slide (Mouser)
Slide  (Tayda)
Rotary (Mouser)  
Push Button (Mouser)  
DIP (Mouser)
*** SPST, SPDT, DPDT switches demistified *****

Inductors
General (Tayda)
General - Fixed. (Mouser)

Knobs - General (Tayda)

Headers
General Pin (Tayda)
General (Mouser)

General links 

These companies should have most of what you'll ever need. 
And there is always Ebay. 

Mouser
Tayda
SmallBear
Thonk
Element14 (free postage over $45 AUD)
RS-Online
Bitsbox
Mammoth

+List of integrated circuit dimensions
+Surface Mount Nomenclature & Packaging.
+SOT (Small Outline Transistor dimensions)
+Voltage divider, LED resistor calculator 


Tuesday 21 July 2015

NLC Neuron & Difference Rectifer - build notes

The NonLinearCircuits Neuron module is facinating and unlike any module I have come across
so far in modular synthesizers. It's not a chaos module but instead acts like a neuron which is the
core component of the brain, spinal cord & CNS.

The features that define a neuron are electrical excitability and the presence of synapses
that transmit signals to other cells. Of course the brain is made up of trillions of tiny neurons
and this module represents just one.


The NLC Neuron can be fed up to 3 inputs (eg LFO, sequencer or EG signals). It's output
can be fed to a filter or VCO  (to control pitch on the oscillator, or cutoff on a VCF) or
to more neurons for some really crazy fun.


Andrew has put up a few useful links:
1. The Neuron Panel (4U Serge format)
2. Difference Rectifier / Neuron build doc.10 Jan 2013
3. Two Neurons build doc. 8 Jan 2012
4. Difference Rectifier Data, schematics, video, etc 
5. WAMOD build notes

Muffs has a great thread too:
https://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=45741&postdays=0&postorder=asc&start=0 

Schematic Source : NonLinearCircuits

Here are some pics of the virgin PCBs & face plate.
The panel is for the Eurorack version of this module. So is the PCB on the left. All pots and jacks are mounted onto this PCB. It uses two TL 072 Op Amps



The PCB on the right requites extra wiring to the jacks so is probably better suited for other formats like 4U.
It uses one TL 074 IC



I'll just be doing the Eurorack module for now, so the following pics are for Euro only.
Headers first:
Resistors, diodes next
Caps, then ICs:

Time for the 100k Linear pots (100B)

We now need ten 3.5mm jacks:
Line the up thus

Attach the faceplate & screw the jacks into place before soldering the jacks to the PCB.

After the jacks are soldered connect the grounds with scrap wire offcuts.


You're Done.


The Difference Rectifier:
There is a +ve & -ve output.


The output is the difference between the voltages of the two input signals, this difference is then split into iits positive and negative components. "what does it all mean? A one op amp, 8 resistor and 2 diodes circuit that churns out weirdness". The schematic and formula are here - http://www.sdiy.org/pinky/data/dif.html
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Karnak Temple - Luxor - Egypt

This is the second largest ancient religious site in the world, after the Angkor Wat Temple of Cambodia.

It's a vast site full of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings.
Most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom.

These are pillars of the Great Hypostyle Hall from the Precinct of Amun-Re.










Dune Timeline

BG = Before Guild
AG = After Guild
Dune uses the Universal Standard Calendar.(USC)
When converting The USC to the Anno Domini or Common Era Calendar we assume that the Dune chronology actually uses Earth years.

19,000 BG = 2800 BC ??
Early Humans are living on the planet Earth (Terra).
Second Dynasty wars in Ancient Egypt. (2775 BC – 2650 BC)
 

16,400 BG to 16,000BG
Roman Empire ??
House Atreides traces it's ancestry to Ancient Greece & Rome.
The Imperial Seat is Rome.

This is interesting, as the Dune universe records the movement of the "Imperial Seat" .
Imperial Seat is a concept of humanity. The Seat is the center of government and rule of humanity throughout all history. It changed various positions during the passing of the millennia, both on Terra and beyond. (Dune Encyclopedia)

16,200BG = BC 0 (Birth of Christ)

15800 BG
Imperial Seat moved to Byzantium on Earth in retreat before provincial rebellions and minor jihads.


14608 BG
The New World (America) is discovered.
Madrid attains the status of the "Imperial Seat".


14512 BG = 1588 AD
London became the Imperial Seat in 14512 BG (Battle of the English Channel).
This of course is the date of the defeat of the Spanish Armada.



14255BG  (14155?) =  1945 AD
End of WWII
Washington becomes the Imperial seat after first "atomics".
Atomics refers to Nuclear weapons of course.

14,100 BG -13600BG
The solar system starts to be colonized by humans.
This is the end of the 20th century and early 21st.
14,100 BG = 2000 AD ??
THE LITTLE DIASPORA.
The population of Terra is eventually outnumbered by 20 to 1.
One of the first planets colonized during the Diasporia was Ceres.


13402BG = (2698 AD Approximately)
Ceres gains the Imperial Seat after a planetoid strikes Terra (Earth).
Planetoid = Asteriod ???



13002 BG
Terra re-seeded and set aside (by Imperial edict) as a natural park.

12200BG
Empire of 10 Worlds.
These 10 interstellar colonies were ruled by a single Emperor.
Communication between these worlds was difficult due to the huge distances.

11200 BG
THE EMPIRE OF A THOUSAND WORLDS
(an empire in name only, because Imperial power was so diffuse as to be nonexistent).

11,105 BG
Rebellion Destroys Imperial Seat of Power on Ceres.
Thus begun the Age of Pretenders.
Eventually many small empires & Emperors emerge.
This is the beginning of the "Dark Ages" and the age of 10,000 Emperors.
This age would last nearly 4,000 years.

7,600 BG: Thinkers Rebellion

7,593 BG
 Ibrahim Vaughn Holtzman born on Liesco II.
Holtzman is the discoverer of the "Holtzman Effect" .
Thus ends the Dark Ages.
The "Holtzman Effect" was a way to communicate instantly between worlds.
This also led to the invention of the Holtzman drive and the beginning of the "Wars of Reunification"
These wars lasted 2,500 years.

7,565 BG
Holtzman almost killed in a ornithoper accident.
His brain is removed and he is turned into a cyborg.
He was the only such thinking machine to survive the Butlerian jihad.

7562 BG
Holtzman disappears into space and secretly orbits a comet 9 light years away.
While in orbit he discovers the "Holtzman Effect"
This method of instant communication is the nucleus which starts off the "Wars of Reunification".

5694 BG
Holtzman returns but decides to remain hidden.
The war would not end for another 672 years.

5022 BG
The end of the Wars of Reunification.
THE EMPIRE OF TEN THOUSAND WORLDS united under Ladislaus the Great.
Mankind is united into a single Empire.
Thus starts the First Golden Age.

5022-3678BG - THE FIRST GOLDEN AGE.
Sand Trout are introduced to Arrakis - transforming it from a wet planet to a desert.
Sandtrout were the larval form of sandworm.


3832
Holtzman reappears at Liesco, and presents the theory for construction of
 the DEFENSIVE SHIELD.

3678
THE SILICON PLAGUE: the “Death of the Machines.”

1800 BG to 200 BG
The Rise & Fall of the Second Golden Age. 

1287 BG
Start of the Titan Conquest. There were 20 original Titans.
Titans were human but some became cyborgs (called Cymeks).
The cymek's human brain was held in a preservation canister  
The brain could live for tens of thousands of years and 
could control interchangeable robotic bodies

1192 - 1183 BG
Walgis Rebellion

1182 BG 
Omnius (a super computer with Artificial Intelligence), gains control
It makes servants of the Titans.

400BG 
Bene Gesserit begin their breeding program for the Kwisatz Haderach 
(a super being - "one who can be many places at once").

221 BG
Birth of Serena Bulter


201 - 108 BG  = 6,041 AD
Butlerian Jihad.
A crusade starts against thinking Machines.
The 10,000 systems who had not fallen to the machines joined together
to form the league of nobles.  The league of nobles used nuclear weapons on Earth to destroy
the machines.

198 BG
Jihad moves to Bela Tegeuse

195 BG
Honru Massacre.
Omnius uses robotic ships to kill 500,000 humans


 88 BG
Battle of Corrin
Omnius is finally defeated.
But before he is defeated he broadcasts a copy of himself into outerspace

86 BG
FOUNDATION OF HOUSE ATREIDES when Demetrios Atreides is
made Baron Tantalos in reward for aiding the Corrinos.

84 BG
Discovery that the Spice Melange aids Space travel.

5 BG
C.H.O.A.M company is founded.
Combine Honnete Ober Advancer Mercantiles
It's the single biggest source of wealth in the universe.
It controls all economic activity in the universe, but it needs the Guild
for faster than light travel.

0 BG
THE LION THRONE, THE SPACING GUILD, and CHOAM unite
to form "The Imperium".

1234 AG
The Order of Mentat is created.
Mentats are human computers.

1244 AG
The Order of Mentat moves to planet Tleilax

3367 AG
The first war of Assasins

6600 AG
First Wild Reverned Mother

7193 AG
Fremen populate Arrakis

8677 AG
House Atreides moves to Caladan

10119 AG
Shaddam IV born

10140
Leto I born (Paul Atreides)

10156 AG
Shaddam IV becomes Emperor

10175
Shaddam IV begins the Great Spice War

10190 AG
House Atreides moves to Arrakis (Dune)


10196 - 10208 AG
Paul's Jihad

10209
Leto II Born.
Also known as the God-Emperor, was the second son of Paul Atreides and
his Fremen concubine Chani Kynes,


10219
Leto II's reign began.
He rules for 3500 years.
Travel between planets is banned. People aren't free and progress is restricted.
People had peace but no freedom

11745 AG
THE ORDER OF MENTATS is suppressed by Leto II.

12335 AG
The execution of THE NINE HISTORIANS. 

13724 AG
(13728 AG according to the original saga)
Death of Leto II.
Humanity plunges into Famine but is now free.
Many flee the old empire and head into outer space.
Thus begins "the Scattering".
The Scattering of the Human race would increase it's chance of survival in the long run.

14702
Ruins found on Crompton

15200 AG
Lost ones return out of the scattering.

15525 AG
Leto's journals are discovered.

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sci Fi Index

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